Zarya - Soviet, Russian and International Spaceflight
Annual Diaries

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Events of 1974

Date Time (UTC) Event
1974 Jan 3 07:12 Cosmos 625 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Jan 24 15:00 Cosmos 629 (Zenit-2M 11Ф690, Gektor) launched into 196 x 289 kilometre, 89.4 minutes period, 62.8 deg inclination orbit from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome by Voskhod 11A57 rocket. Photo-reconnaissance satellite. Carried Nauka autonomous module.
1974 Jan 30 11:00 Cosmos 630 (Zenit-4MK, Germes) launched into 202 x 344 kilometre, 90 minutes period, 72.9 deg inclination orbit from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome by Voskhod 11A57 rocket. Variant of the manoeuvrable Zenit-4M with high resolution cameras.
1974 Feb 4 09:18 Orbit of Cosmos 630 reported as 202 x 343 kilometres, 72.9 deg inclination with 90 minutes period.
1974 Feb 5 06:58 Cosmos 629 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Feb 5 09:18 Orbit of Cosmos 630 reported as 178 x 342 kilometres, 72.8 deg inclination with 90 minutes period.
1974 Feb 7 07:40 Orbit of Cosmos 630 reported as 178 x 340 kilometres, 72.8 deg inclination with 89.7 minutes period.
1974 Feb 8 22:26 Orbit of Cosmos 630 reported as 169 x 295 kilometres, 72.8 deg inclination with 89.7 minutes period.
1974 Feb 12 08:56 Cosmos 632 (Zenit-4M, Rotor) launched into 176 x 306 kilometre, 89.3 minutes period, 65 deg inclination orbit from the Baikonur Cosmodrome by Voskhod 11A57 rocket. Upgraded Zenit-4 photo-reconnaissance satellite with orbit-adjustment engine.
1974 Feb 13 04:48 Cosmos 630 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Feb 26 07:12 Cosmos 632 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Mar 14 10:30 Cosmos 635 (Zenit-2M 11Ф690, Gektor) launched into 204 x 324 kilometre, 89.8 minutes period, 72.8 deg inclination orbit from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome by Voskhod 11A57 rocket. Photo-reconnaissance satellite. Carried Nauka autonomous module testing navigation equipment and radio-altimeter for Yantar - it separated about day 4 of the flight.
1974 Mar 20 08:30 Cosmos 636 (Zenit-4MK, Germes) launched into 165 x 387 kilometre, 90 minutes period, 65 deg inclination orbit from the Baikonur Cosmodrome by Soyuz 11A511U rocket. Variant of the manoeuvrable Zenit-4M with high resolution cameras.
1974 Mar 21 06:52 Orbit of Cosmos 636 reported as 165 x 385 kilometres, 65 deg inclination with 90 minutes period.
1974 Mar 21 12:50 Orbit of Cosmos 636 reported as 166 x 309 kilometres, 65 deg inclination with 90 minutes period.
1974 Mar 26 05:31 Cosmos 635 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Mar 31 07:41 Orbit of Cosmos 636 reported as 167 x 278 kilometres, 65 deg inclination with 89.3 minutes period.
1974 Apr 3 04:48 Cosmos 636 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Apr 3 07:40 Cosmos 638, a Soyuz spacecraft without crew, launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome by Soyuz rocket into 187 x 309 kilometre orbit at 51.8 degrees inclination - its mission may be related to the upcoming ASTP
1974 Apr 4 08:30 Cosmos 639 (Zenit-4MK, Germes) launched into 205 x 224 kilometre, 88.8 minutes period, 81.3 deg inclination orbit from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome by Voskhod 11A57 rocket. Variant of the manoeuvrable Zenit-4M with high resolution cameras.
1974 Apr 7 After several manoeuvres, Cosmos 638 orbit is 258 x 274 kilometres
1974 Apr 11 12:23 Cosmos 640 (Zenit-2M 11Ф690, Gektor) launched into 198 x 223 kilometre, 88.8 minutes period, 81.3 deg inclination orbit from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome by Voskhod 11A57 rocket. Photo-reconnaissance satellite.
1974 Apr 12 Zenit-4MK, Germes launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome by Voskhod 11A57 rocket. Variant of the manoeuvrable Zenit-4M but with high resolution cameras.
1974 Apr 13 04:07 Cosmos 638 fires its manoeuvring engine to initiate re-entry
1974 Apr 13 04:48 Cosmos 638 lands in Khazakhstan
1974 Apr 15 04:48 Cosmos 639 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Apr 23 08:24 Cosmos 640 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Apr 29 13:30 Cosmos 649 (Zenit-4MK, Germes) launched into 180 x 300 kilometre, 89.3 minutes period, 62.8 deg inclination orbit from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome by Voskhod 11A57 rocket. Variant of the manoeuvrable Zenit-4M with high resolution cameras.
1974 May 11 04:48 Cosmos 649 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 May 15 08:30 Cosmos 652 (Zenit-4MK, Germes) launched into 171 x 347 kilometre, 89.6 minutes period, 51.8 deg inclination orbit from the Baikonur Cosmodrome by Soyuz 11A511U rocket. Variant of the manoeuvrable Zenit-4M with high resolution cameras.
1974 May 15 12:30 Cosmos 653 (Zenit-2M 11Ф690, Gektor) launched into 190 x 287 kilometre, 89.3 minutes period, 62.8 deg inclination orbit from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome by Voskhod 11A57 rocket. Photo-reconnaissance satellite.
1974 May 23 07:12 Cosmos 652 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 May 27 04:05 Cosmos 653 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 May 29 08:56 Luna 22 (E-8LS-206) launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome by four-stage Proton rocket into 187 x 226 kilometre orbit around the Earth at 51.5 degrees inclination - its mission is to enter orbit around the Moon and study the surface
1974 May 29 10:06 Final stage of Luna 22 launching rocket fired to place it into a trajectory towards the Moon
1974 May 30 Luna 22 rocket engine is used to correct its trajectory towards the Moon
1974 May 30 12:45 Cosmos 657 (Zenit-4MK, Germes) launched into 175 x 298 kilometre, 89.2 minutes period, 62.8 deg inclination orbit from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome by Voskhod 11A57 rocket. Variant of the manoeuvrable Zenit-4M with high resolution cameras.
1974 May 31 15:13 Orbit of Cosmos 657 reported as 176 x 295 kilometres, 62.8 deg inclination with 89.2 minutes period.
1974 Jun 1 09:04 Orbit of Cosmos 657 reported as 176 x 309 kilometres, 62.8 deg inclination with 89.2 minutes period.
1974 Jun 2 Luna 22 enters a 219 x 244 kilometre orbit around the Moon at 19.6 degrees inclination and begins its programme of studying the lunar gravitational field, the magnetic and electrical environment, and photographing the Moon surface
1974 Jun 6 06:20 Cosmos 658 (Zenit-2M 11Ф690, Gektor) launched into 203 x 285 kilometre, 89.4 minutes period, 65 deg inclination orbit from the Baikonur Cosmodrome by Voskhod 11A57 rocket. Photo-reconnaissance satellite.
1974 Jun 9 After firing its onboard rocket engine, Luna 22 orbit around the Moon is now 25 x 244 kilometres at 19.6 degrees inclination
1974 Jun 11 After firing its onboard rocket engine, Luna 22 orbit around the Moon is now 171 x 1437 kilometres at 19.6 degrees inclination
1974 Jun 13 After firing its onboard rocket engine, Luna 22 orbit around the Moon is now 181 x 299 kilometres at 19.6 degrees inclination
1974 Jun 13 04:05 Cosmos 657 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Jun 13 12:30 Cosmos 659 (Zenit-4MK, Germes) launched into 161 x 374 kilometre, 89.9 minutes period, 62.9 deg inclination orbit from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome by Voskhod 11A57 rocket. Variant of the manoeuvrable Zenit-4M with high resolution cameras.
1974 Jun 14 10:37 Orbit of Cosmos 659 reported as 178 x 337 kilometres, 62.8 deg inclination with 89.9 minutes period.
1974 Jun 15 06:03 Orbit of Cosmos 659 reported as 178 x 335 kilometres, 62.8 deg inclination with 89.6 minutes period.
1974 Jun 15 09:01 Orbit of Cosmos 659 reported as 152 x 328 kilometres, 62.8 deg inclination with 89.6 minutes period.
1974 Jun 18 03:07 Cosmos 658 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Jun 18 06:53 Orbit of Cosmos 659 reported as 150 x 310 kilometres, 62.8 deg inclination with 89.3 minutes period.
1974 Jun 19 09:38 Orbit of Cosmos 659 reported as 150 x 335 kilometres, 62.8 deg inclination with 89.1 minutes period.
1974 Jun 22 04:35 Orbit of Cosmos 659 reported as 148 x 322 kilometres, 62.8 deg inclination with 89.4 minutes period.
1974 Jun 22 07:34 Orbit of Cosmos 659 reported as 148 x 341 kilometres, 62.8 deg inclination with 89.2 minutes period.
1974 Jun 26 04:19 Cosmos 659 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Jun 29 12:50 Cosmos 664 (Zenit-4MT, Orion) launched into 205 x 337 kilometre, 90 minutes period, 72.9 deg inclination orbit from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome by Soyuz 11A511M rocket. Photographic imaging satellite for cartography.
1974 Jul 11 08:10 Cosmos 664 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Jul 12 12:50 Cosmos 666 (Zenit-4MK, Germes) launched into 180 x 336 kilometre, 89.7 minutes period, 62.8 deg inclination orbit from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome by Voskhod 11A57 rocket. Variant of the manoeuvrable Zenit-4M with high resolution cameras.
1974 Jul 13 07:57 Orbit of Cosmos 666 reported as 182 x 329 kilometres, 62.8 deg inclination with 89.7 minutes period.
1974 Jul 20 06:47 Orbit of Cosmos 666 reported as 169 x 308 kilometres, 62.8 deg inclination with 89.6 minutes period.
1974 Jul 21 00:39 Orbit of Cosmos 666 reported as 169 x 322 kilometres, 62.8 deg inclination with 89.3 minutes period.
1974 Jul 25 04:48 Cosmos 666 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Jul 25 07:00 Cosmos 667 (Zenit-4M, Rotor) launched into 176 x 320 kilometre, 89.5 minutes period, 65 deg inclination orbit from the Baikonur Cosmodrome by Voskhod 11A57 rocket. Upgraded Zenit-4 photo-reconnaissance satellite with orbit-adjustment engine.
1974 Jul 26 07:00 Cosmos 669 (Zenit-2M 11Ф690, Gektor) launched into 207 x 229 kilometre, 88.9 minutes period, 81.3 deg inclination orbit from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome by Voskhod 11A57 rocket. Photo-reconnaissance satellite. Carried Nauka autonomous module.
1974 Aug 7 04:48 Cosmos 667 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Aug 7 12:50 Cosmos 671 (Zenit-4MK, Germes) launched into 183 x 366 kilometre, 90 minutes period, 62.8 deg inclination orbit from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome by Voskhod 11A57 rocket. Variant of the manoeuvrable Zenit-4M with high resolution cameras.
1974 Aug 8 02:53 Cosmos 669 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Aug 8 12:30 Orbit of Cosmos 671 reported as 182 x 351 kilometres, 62.8 deg inclination with 90 minutes period.
1974 Aug 9 03:27 Orbit of Cosmos 671 reported as 168 x 311 kilometres, 62.8 deg inclination with 89.8 minutes period.
1974 Aug 12 06:30 Cosmos 672, a Soyuz spacecraft without crew, launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome by Soyuz rocket into 195 x 305 kilometre orbit at 51.8 degrees inclination - its mission is to follow the flight profile, and test systems for, the upcoming ASTP
1974 Aug 14 After several manoeuvres, Cosmos 672 orbit is 227 x 237 kilometres - similar to the one planned for ASTP
1974 Aug 14 14:19 Orbit of Cosmos 671 reported as 167 x 299 kilometres, 62.8 deg inclination with 89.3 minutes period.
1974 Aug 15 00:44 Orbit of Cosmos 671 reported as 163 x 333 kilometres, 62.8 deg inclination with 89.2 minutes period.
1974 Aug 18 04:07 Cosmos 672 fires its manoeuvring engine to initiate re-entry
1974 Aug 18 04:48 Cosmos 672 lands in Khazakhstan
1974 Aug 20 04:48 Cosmos 671 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Aug 29 07:39 Cosmos 674 (Zenit-4MK, Germes) launched into 175 x 323 kilometre, 89.5 minutes period, 65 deg inclination orbit from the Baikonur Cosmodrome by Voskhod 11A57 rocket. Variant of the manoeuvrable Zenit-4M with high resolution cameras.
1974 Aug 29 09:01 Orbit of Cosmos 674 reported as 165 x 322 kilometres, 64.9 deg inclination with 89.5 minutes period.
1974 Aug 29 14:59 Orbit of Cosmos 674 reported as 175 x 324 kilometres, 65 deg inclination with 89.4 minutes period.
1974 Aug 30 Zenit-2M 11Ф690, Gektor launched from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome by Voskhod 11A57 rocket. Photo-reconnaissance satellite - failed to reach orbit. Carried Nauka autonomous module.
1974 Sep 7 04:48 Cosmos 674 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Sep 20 09:30 Cosmos 685 (Zenit-2M 11Ф690, Gektor) launched into 206 x 288 kilometre, 89.4 minutes period, 65 deg inclination orbit from the Baikonur Cosmodrome by Voskhod 11A57 rocket. Photo-reconnaissance satellite.
1974 Oct 2 06:00 Cosmos 685 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Oct 18 15:00 Cosmos 688 (Zenit-4MK, Germes) launched into 179 x 349 kilometre, 89.8 minutes period, 62.8 deg inclination orbit from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome by Voskhod 11A57 rocket. Variant of the manoeuvrable Zenit-4M with high resolution cameras.
1974 Oct 20 01:12 Orbit of Cosmos 688 reported as 179 x 346 kilometres, 62.8 deg inclination with 89.8 minutes period.
1974 Oct 20 16:07 Orbit of Cosmos 688 reported as 153 x 321 kilometres, 62.8 deg inclination with 89.8 minutes period.
1974 Oct 22 14:12 Orbit of Cosmos 688 reported as 152 x 311 kilometres, 62.8 deg inclination with 89.2 minutes period.
1974 Oct 22 18:00 Cosmos 690 (Bion №2) launched into 216 x 367 kilometre, 90.3 minutes period, 62.8 deg inclination orbit from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome by Soyuz 11A511U rocket. Biological research satellite, probably based on the Zenit reconsat (probably the 2M version) with the experiments payload replacing the cameras.
1974 Oct 23 11:00 Orbit of Cosmos 688 reported as 149 x 345 kilometres, 62.8 deg inclination with 89.1 minutes period.
1974 Oct 25 09:30 Cosmos 691 (Zenit-4MK, Germes) launched into 172 x 331 kilometre, 89.5 minutes period, 65 deg inclination orbit from the Baikonur Cosmodrome by Soyuz 11A511U rocket. Variant of the manoeuvrable Zenit-4M with high resolution cameras.
1974 Oct 28 14:30 Luna 23 (E-8-5M-410) launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome by four-stage Proton rocket into 183 x 246 kilometre orbit around the Earth at 51.5 degrees inclination - its mission is to enter orbit around the Moon, then land and return a soil sample to Earth
1974 Oct 28 15:40 Final stage of Luna 23 launching rocket fired to place it into a trajectory towards the Moon
1974 Oct 30 06:58 Cosmos 688 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Oct 31 Luna 23 rocket engine is used to correct its trajectory towards the Moon
1974 Nov 1 14:20 Cosmos 692 (Zenit-2M 11Ф690, Gektor) launched into 195 x 296 kilometre, 89.4 minutes period, 62.8 deg inclination orbit from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome by Voskhod 11A57 rocket. Photo-reconnaissance satellite. Carried Nauka autonomous module with a Yantar re-entry capsule that was successfully recovered.
1974 Nov 2 21:50 Luna 23 enters 94 x 104 kilometre orbit around the Moon at 138 degrees inclination
1974 Nov 4 Luna 23 rocket engine is used to adjust its orbit around the Moon
1974 Nov 4 10:40 Cosmos 693 (Zenit-4MT, Orion) launched into 215 x 242 kilometre, 89.1 minutes period, 81.3 deg inclination orbit from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome by Soyuz 11A511M rocket. Photographic imaging satellite for cartography.
1974 Nov 5 After firing its onboard rocket engine, Luna 23 orbit around the Moon is now 17 x 105 kilometres at 138 degrees inclination
1974 Nov 6 05:31 Luna 23 fires its rocket engine and begins its descent towards a landing on the Moon surface
1974 Nov 6 05:37 Luna 23 lands on the Moon in the Mare Crisium - it is damaged during the landing and the drill is inoperable so it is not possible to retrieve the planned soil sample from 2.5 metres depth
1974 Nov 6 06:14 Cosmos 691 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Nov 9 Communications with Luna 23 are terminated
1974 Nov 12 04:48 Cosmos 690 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Nov 13 07:12 Cosmos 692 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Nov 16 07:12 Cosmos 693 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Nov 16 11:45 Cosmos 694 (Zenit-4MK, Germes) launched into 199 x 322 kilometre, 89.8 minutes period, 72.8 deg inclination orbit from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome by Voskhod 11A57 rocket. Variant of the manoeuvrable Zenit-4M with high resolution cameras.
1974 Nov 17 11:28 Orbit of Cosmos 694 reported as 172 x 311 kilometres, 72.8 deg inclination with 89.8 minutes period.
1974 Nov 22 06:03 Orbit of Cosmos 694 reported as 171 x 296 kilometres, 72.8 deg inclination with 89.4 minutes period.
1974 Nov 22 09:02 Orbit of Cosmos 694 reported as 169 x 333 kilometres, 72.8 deg inclination with 89.2 minutes period.
1974 Nov 22 19:29 Orbit of Cosmos 694 reported as 170 x 335 kilometres, 72.8 deg inclination with 89.6 minutes period.
1974 Nov 27 11:45 Cosmos 696 (Zenit-2M 11Ф690, Gektor) launched into 203 x 321 kilometre, 89.8 minutes period, 72.9 deg inclination orbit from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome by Voskhod 11A57 rocket. Photo-reconnaissance satellite.
1974 Nov 29 07:12 Cosmos 694 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Dec 2 09:40 Soyuz 16 launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome by Soyuz rocket into 184 x 291 kilometre orbit at 51.8 degrees inclination with Anatoli Filipchenko and Nikolai Rukavishnikov aboard - its mission is a 'dry-run' for ASTP, call sign - Buran
1974 Dec 2 18:08 Atmospheric pressure inside Soyuz 16 is now 10.4 psi/540 mm, rather than the 'normal' 14.7 psi/760 mm
1974 Dec 3 13:37 Atmospheric pressure inside Soyuz 16 is now 9.9 psi/510 mm - as will be used by ASTP during crew transfers
1974 Dec 5 Soyuz 16 orbit is now 225 x 226 kilometres
1974 Dec 6 16:01 Atmospheric pressure inside Soyuz 16 is now 16.0 psi/830mm
1974 Dec 7 09:00 Dummy docking unit (used to test connections with the Soyuz docking gear) jettisoned from Soyuz 16
1974 Dec 7 13:10 Soyuz 16 internal atmospheric pressure is now back to normal - 14.7 psi/760 mm
1974 Dec 8 The dummy docking unit from Soyuz 16 enters the Earth atmosphere as a result of natural decay of the orbit through air drag and is destroyed by frictional heating
1974 Dec 8 07:26 Soyuz 16 fires its manoeuvring engine to initiate re-entry
1974 Dec 8 08:04 Soyuz 16 lands - 300 kilometres north of Dzhezhkazgan
1974 Dec 9 07:12 Cosmos 696 descent module lands for recovery after being commanded to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
1974 Dec 26 04:19 Salyut 4 launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome by Proton rocket into 215 x 252 kilometre orbit at 51.6 degrees inclination
1974 Dec 27 09:10 Cosmos 701 (Zenit-4MK, Germes) launched into 207 x 373 kilometre, 90.4 minutes period, 71.4 deg inclination orbit from the Baikonur Cosmodrome by Voskhod 11A57 rocket. Variant of the manoeuvrable Zenit-4M with high resolution cameras.
1974 Dec 27 16:31 Orbit of Cosmos 701 reported as 203 x 320 kilometres, 71.4 deg inclination with 90.4 minutes period.
1974 Dec 28 08:59 Orbit of Cosmos 701 reported as 208 x 315 kilometres, 71.4 deg inclination with 89.8 minutes period.
1974 Dec 28 16:26 Orbit of Cosmos 701 reported as 170 x 313 kilometres, 71.4 deg inclination with 89.8 minutes period.
1974 Dec 31 Salyut 4 established in its operational orbit of 338 x 351 kilometres
 

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